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KMID : 1124020140300020143
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Korean Social Security Studies
2014 Volume.30 No. 2 p.143 ~ p.163
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An analysis of gender differentials in depression: The impact of inequality
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Nam Il-Sung
Hyun Dha-Woon
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Abstract
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Research has found gender differences in depression, though the relationship has not been fully explained. The present study analyzed gender differentials in depression using the first wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), based on the theoretical assumption that women were more vulnerable to depression than men due to social inequality. A gap in depression between men and women was measured depending on income inequality by region through chi-square tests and logistic regression models. In addition, logistic regression models predicting depression were performed using propensity scores to verify that women were more vulnerable to depression than men due to social inequality. First, we found that women were more likely to develop depression than men in regions where income was most inequitable. Second, analyses of both regions where income inequality was highest and where income inequality was lowest showed significant interaction effects between region and gender. Third, there was no significant difference in depression between men and women in the regression models when they were performed after gender matching was conducted using variables representing social inequality such as income and education level. Based on the results of the analyses, it can be argued that social inequality may make women more vulnerable to depression than men. The findings suggest that the creation of a social environment where women are given an equal footing and their involvement in social activities is respected are the most fundamental ways to prevent women from developing depression.
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KEYWORD
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depression, gender differentials, social inequality, health inequality, propensity score analysis
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